<p>Dorsey Hall is a historic home in Columbia, Maryland, United States. It is a six-by-one-bay, -story stucco structure with a gable roof covered with asphalt shingles. It is a well-preserved and detailed example of the vernacular dwellings of the early 19th century in Howard County and associated with the Dorsey family, one of the "first families" of the county.</p><br>
<p>Dorsey Hall was built on Dorseys Search, a parcel of land patented by Hon. John Dorsey of Hockley-in-the-hole (1645–1714) in Baltimore County (now Howard County), the brother of Edward Dorsey. The 479 acre property adjacent to the north branch of the Patuxent River was surveyed by Richard Beard in December 1684, and granted to Dorsey in March 1696. The surrounding residential neighborhood of Dorseys Search was named after the original land grant. Judge Richard Ridgley owned the property which returned to the Dorsey family after his death and purchase by Caleb Dorsey. The farm operated with slave labor until the death of Caleb Dorsey in 1864.</p><br>
<p>In 1963, owner Julius Mandel and Gudelsky Company attempted to rezone the site for high-rise apartments. The property was retitled to the Gudelsky-owned Contee Sand and Gravel Company. The 685-acre property was then purchased by The Rouse Company&#39;s shell corporation Columbia Industrial Development Corp. for redevelopment, which was halted in 1968 by residential opposition. The building underwent a renovation in 1979. The stone gristmill remains were still visible onsite at the time.</p><br>
<p>The 5.4 acre of land surrounding Dorsey Hall that was acquired by The Rouse Company was resold to land developers Richard Talkin and Donald Reuwer for $785,000 in 2000. In July 2000, a $3.5 million, 32,000 square-foot office project broke ground. By 2001, the site of the estate was subdivided and reduced to 2 acres with a survey claiming no outbuildings were present unlike the neighboring Woodlawn Estate from the same period.</p><br>
<p>Dorsey Hall now stands at the entrance to a business park (comprising mostly medical offices) at 5100 Dorsey Hall Drive, the architecture of which is compatible with the building. However, although it forms an imposing image, it has no signage or other identification and is not open to the public. The confusion is amplified by the adjacent business park at 5010 Dorsey Hall Drive, which bears a sign naming itself the "Dorsey Hall Business Park."</p><br>
<p>Just north of Maryland Route 108, Dorsey Hall is technically at the southern edge of unincorporated Ellicott City, Maryland, rather than the northern edge of Columbia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Elmonte, also known as Twilford, is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is a -story country house, built of random ashlar granite in the Italian villa style, and is thought to have been completed in 1858. To the rear of the mansion is a stuccoed carriage house with a two-car garage. East of the house is a large wooden barn with a slate roof and a log smokehouse. The home was built by a member of the Dorsey family, who also built nearby Dorsey Hall.</p><br>
<p>Elmonte was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Lawn, is a historic home located at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland, USA. It is a 19th-century frame house built in 1835 with five outbuildings, three of which  date from the 19th century. The house was owned by George Washington Dobbin, who built the home originally as a summer retreat. The Rouse Company commercial corridor and road is named after Dobbin.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, The Lawn was purchased after it had been apartments for many years. Many improvements were made, such as the library room floors being raised and refinished. In 2006, The Lawn was the Howard County Decorator Show house; professional decorators came in and refinished, furnished and decorated several rooms. Both the main kitchen and the butler pantry received renovations including new cabinets and appliances. The house was restored to its original glory.</p><br>
<p>Woodlawn, is a historic slave plantation located at Columbia, Howard County, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story, stuccoed stone house built in 1840 with wood frame portions constructed about 1785. It was part of a 200-acre farm divided from larger parcels patented by the Dorsey family. The design reflects the transition between the Greek Revival and Italianate architecture styles. The home is associated with Henry Howard Owings, a prominent Howard County landowner and farmer, who also served as a judge of the Orphan&#39;s Court for Howard County. Owings purchased the property in 1858 and died at Woodlawn in 1869. The former tobacco farm produced corn, oats, hay, and pork. The majority of the property surrounding Woodland and its slave quarters were subdivided by 1966 and purchased by Howard Research and Development for the planned community development Columbia, Maryland, leaving only 5 acres surrounded by multiple lots intended for development of an Oakland Ridge industrial center and equestrian center. The summer kitchen, smokehouse, corn crib and stable built about 1830 have been replaced by a parking lot.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, Preservation Howard County appealed to the Columbia Association to restore the adjacent stone slave quarters building predating the 1789 Woodlawn house. In 2004 the property surrounding the Woodlawn manor was rezoned from residential to dense office use. All of the 200-year-old trees surrounding the property were declared diseased by the developer-owner and cut down. In June 2006, Developer Ron Brasher submitted plans to build a 71,705sf office building adjacent to Woodlawn with a parking lot surrounding the building on all sides. The project was temporarily delayed due to lack of road access and requests for reduced setbacks. The planning and zoning director cited the developer&#39;s efforts to restore and lease the 5000sf mansion for office space or a "condo opportunity" as a way to preserve the manor recently rezoned by the department. In August 2007, the Columbia Association purchased the slave quarters property and approved another $125,000 (~$ in ) for restoration with the construction of the office project pending.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Linnwood, is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is a large 1901 Queen Anne-influenced house consisting of a -story four-bay by four-bay frame structure with vinyl siding, a rubble stone foundation, and a hip roof with asphalt shingles. Six domestic outbuildings are arrayed behind the house, including a springhouse/greenhouse, shop building/cold storage and annex, garage, smokehouse, privy, and a modern garage. A stone gateway with iron gates is located at the road, flanking the driveway. The house&#39;s Late Victorian form and appearance resulted from a thorough remodeling in 1901 of a preexisting farmhouse, according to designs by architect D. S. Hopkins.</p><br>
<p>Linnwood was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>MacAlpine, Rebeccas Lot is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It was built by wealthy Baltimore attorney, James Mackubin, for his second wife, Gabriella Peter, a great-great-granddaughter of Martha Washington. She grew up at nearby Linwood, the daughter of Maj. George Washington Parke Custis Peter, who was the second son of Martha Parke Custis Peter of Tudor Place, Georgetown. She attended the famed Patapsco Female Institute and was a leading society member in Maryland. She was a cousin of Robert E. Lees wife and his children spent many summers here after his death. Gabriella was known to be gracious but demanding. She initially lived at nearby Grey Rock but refused to stay there long as her husband had shared that home with his first wife. Her daughters were unable to leave her side during her lifetime, especially after the accidental 1903 death of her youngest son, Parke Custis, rendering them middle-aged spinsters at the time of her death.</p><br>
<p>The Mackubins raised five children here:</p><br>
<p>Ella Mackubin (1870–1956): unmarried; graduated from Patapsco Female Institute in 1886</p><br>
<p>George Mackubin (1872–1964): married Maud Tayloe Perrin of Gloucester County, Virginia; He was the founder of McKubin & Company in 1899, now Legg Mason. Had issue: one son; two daughters (twins).</p><br>
<p>Parke Custis Mackubin (1873–1903): unmarried; killed in a logging accident on his farm on Kent Island, Eareckson Farm. Had issue: one son.</p><br>
<p>Emily Boyce Mackubin (1876–1946): unmarried; philanthropist.</p><br>
<p>Mildred Lee Mackubin (1878–1956): married Arthur Gordon (after Gabriella&#39;s death) but no children.</p><br>
<p>The property was sold after the death of Emily Mackubin in 1946 and subsequently subdivided into the present Dunloggin neighborhood. The family is buried at nearby St. John&#39;s Church where they were active members.</p><br>
<p>It is a -story, three-bay by two-bay frame, nineteen room structure clad in novelty siding with corner boards, with a mansard roof covered with wood shingles. When built in 1868, the house had a low hip roof possibly changed to reflect the new mansard style as at her fathers summer home, Linwood. The stone slave quarters were built about 1840 reside several houses south of the MacApline house. The Mackubins owned at least 11 slaves on the property in the years prior to the civil war Mrs Mackubin&#39;s cousin was the daughter of General Robert E. Lee</p><br>
<p>In 1947, land developer Marcus A Wakefield Jr. purchased the MacApline site subdividing the property for the Dunloggin neighborhood leaving four lots around the MacApline building. In 1974, the property was denied zoning to be converted to an antique store. The house was restored throughout the 1970s and 1980s by resident owners with the surrounding property reduced to less than an acre.</p><br>
<p>MacAlpine was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>White Hall is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It consists of three sections: the east wing, dating from the early 19th century, the center section, and the west wing. In 1890 the house was partially destroyed by fire and rebuilt in 1900. Three outbuildings remain on the White Hall property: a small square frame workshop; a smokehouse-privy; and springhouse.</p><br>
<p>White Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Early owners were Caleb Dorsey and his brother Charles Worthington Dorsey (1787-1864), the first County commissioner of the Howard District of Anne Arundel County. Charles Worthington purchased the home in 1828 from Alfred and Ann Dashiel and N.G. Ridgley. with an original building onsite. He built additions to the home in 1857 hiring the architect Nathan G. Starkweather. The home was given to Dorsey&#39;s daughter and Maryland Governor Thomas Watkins Ligon (1810-1881). Charles Worthington died at the residence on 26 May 1864. Governor Ligon died at the estate in 1881. His wife, Mary Tolley Dorsey Ligon, died in 1899. The house was passed down throughout the family for well over one hundred years. Cared for and owned by the Ligon and Hains family (Ligon and Hains family wed July 4, 1930). In 1965, Col Thomas Watkins Ligon sold 350 acres of surrounding land, leaving 41.3 surrounding the property. The Hains family kept the estate until the late 1990s when it was sold to the first non-family member. In 1976 a 41.3 acre easement of the property was registered to the Maryland historical Trust.</p><br>
<p>Temora, is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland. It is a T-shaped, two-story and cupola, Tuscan-style Victorian house of stuccoed tongue-and-groove boards. The house was built in 1857 after a design prepared by Norris G. Starkweather, a little-known but accomplished architect from Oxford, England, who also designed the First Presbyterian Church and Manse at West Madison Street and Park Avenue in the Mount Vernon-Belvedere neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland, with his later more famous assistant - Edmund G. Lind. The house was built for Dr. Arthur Pue Jr. on land given from his grandmother Mary Dorsey Pue of Belmont Estate. The name of the estate Temora comes from the poems of Ossian</p><br>
<p>Laura Hanna and Mrs John Breckinridge lived in the property afterward. County Councilman and representative William S. Hanna was also raised at Temora</p><br>
<p>A portion of the estate served as a farm with a hay field. In 1980, developer Alan Borg purchased the property, performing a minor restoration. In 1984 Borg held a "Decorator&#39;s Showhouse" event with rooms redecorated for free by various decorators retaining some of the original period materials combined with outside furnishings and materials. In 1985, Borg attempted to convert the house into a 15-room inn and restaurant, but failed to approval for the increased activity on the lot in a residential neighborhood. The land has been subdivided with a LDS Church built in the former pasture.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Montrose is a historic slave plantation located at Clarksville, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It was built in 1844 by Dr. William H. Hardey, prominent physician and secessionist in the American Civil War. One of Dr. Hardey&#39;s six children married John Randall, brother of James Ryder Randall, the author of "Maryland, My Maryland!" The house is basically a five-bay-wide, two-bay-deep, and -story stone structure with two dormers set into the gable roof on its south elevation and wide brick chimneys set into its east and west walls. A shingled -story cottage lies north of Montrose with barns and outbuildings lying northwest of them both.</p><br>
<p>Montrose resides next to Huntington Farms, a house built by his brother John T. Hardey. The farm has been subdivided to 4.2 acres for residential construction, with the gravesite for the family and slaves located between two pipe-stem driveways for the development.</p><br>
<p>Montrose was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Richland Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Clarksville, Howard County, Maryland, United States. The main house is a log and frame house, the earliest section of which is presumed to date from 1719. The main block comprises three sections, with a large addition on the rear added in 1920. It features a one-story shed-roofed wrap-around porch supported by 22 Doric order columns. Also on the property are the Overseers/Superintendents House, Gardener&#39;s Cottage, wagon shed, tractor shed and smokehouse with board-and-batten siding, a bank barn, a stone spring house and “Barrack.”</p><br>
<p>Richland was originally part of "Altogether," a land grant surveyed on May 10, 1719, by Thomas Worthington and his brother-in-law, Henry Ridgely. A small portion of Richland was also part of "Worthingtons Range." Thomas Worthington left 300 acres of Altogether and 63 acres of Worthingtons Range to his daughter, Ariana Worthington Watkins, who was married to Nicholas Watkins, Jr.</p><br>
<p>The current boundaries of Richland were set in 1801. It shares its northeast border with the original boundary of Doughoregan Manor, patented to Charles Carroll the Settler on 7,000 acres and later expanded to 10,000 acres. Doughoregan Manor served as the summer home of his grandson, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence and the only Catholic to do so.</p><br>
<p>Gassaway Watkins, born in 1752, was admitted as an original member of The Society of the Cincinnati in the state of Maryland when it was established in 1783. He later served as vice president (1831-1839) and president of the Maryland Society (1839-1840), serving in the latter capacity until his death. When he died in 1840, he was the last surviving original member of the Maryland Society, and reportedly of the Old Line. General George Washington reportedly referred to the Maryland Line as the "Old Line" due to the quality and length of their service during the Battle of Long Island. He was also one of the Maryland 400. Colonel Watkins served under General William Smallwood at Long Island and at the Battle of Cowpens, among other engagements. Colonel Watkins was married three times: first to Sarah Jones, who died within a year without issue from the marriage; then, to Ruth Dorsey, with whom he had Gassaway, Bonaparte, Thomas, Turenne, Charlotte and Ann Watkins; and, following Ruth&#39;s death, he married Elenora Bowie Clagett on April 26, 1803, with whom he had Caroline Lyles Watkins (1804-1896), Camsadel Bowie Watkins (1805-1842), Eleanor Clagett Watkins (1807-1868), Amanda Watkins (1809 - ), Elizabeth Louise Watkins (1815 - ), Priscilla Agnes Watkins (1817-1893), Margaret Gassaway Watkins (1819-1896), Albina Charlotte Watkins (1822-1899), William Washington Watkins (1810-1880) and John Sebastian Watkins (1813-1893).</p><br>
<p>Daughter Margaret Gassaway Watkins married Albert Gallatin Warfield. One of their sons and a grandson of Gassaway Watkins, Edwin Warfield, served as the 45th governor of Maryland from 1904 to 1908. He lived at Oakdale Manor in Howard County, which still stands and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>During his lifetime, Gassaway Watkins acquired nearby land, including Hayland Farm (now known as the Walnut Creek housing subdivision) and Walnut Grove (Clarksville, Maryland) (also now a housing subdivision), where he built a manor house that still survives and is listed on the Howard County properties of the Maryland Historical Trust. Gassaway Watkins, Elenora Bowie Clagett Watkins, John Sebastian Watkins and several other family members are buried at Walnut Grove. Howard County historian Ken Short undertook an exhaustive analysis of the history of Walnut Grove.</p><br>
<p>A son of Gassaway Watkins and Elenora Bowie Clagett Watkins, Dr. William Washington Watkins and his wife, Laura Louise Watkins Watkins, ultimately owned Richland Farm. Mrs. Watkins was the daughter of Thomas Jones Watkins (1773-1860), a Baltimore merchant, and Elizabeth Spurrier Watkins (1779-1851). Dr. and Mrs. Watkins were married in Baltimore on May 30, 1837. In 1846, they added a section to the main house at Richland that includes a first floor parlor and second floor bedroom. Their children included Eleanor Elizabeth Watkins (1838-1893); Lewis Jones Watkins (1839–40); Thomas Watkins (1840-1880); Louis Jones Watkins (1843-1888); Amanda Fitzallen Watkins (1845-1917); Dr. William C. Watkins (1846–81); and Laura G. Watkins (1849–52).</p><br>
<p>According to his obituary in the Baltimore Sun on June 2, 1880, Dr. Watkins received an appointment to West Point but preferred instead to pursue the medical profession. He attended the University of Maryland and received his medical degree from the Medical College of Philadelphia. In addition to his service as a medical doctor, Dr. Watkins was elected as a representative of the Howard District of Anne Arundel County in the Maryland legislature. In 1838, Dr. Watkins proposed the "Howard District" of Anne Arundel County, which became Howard County, Maryland in 1851. He was elected as the first state senator from Howard County thereafter. Beginning in 1845, Dr. Watkins also served as a judge of the Orphan&#39;s Court in the Howard District of Anne Arundel County. He ran for the USA Congress but was defeated by Thomas Fielder Bowie. Following his departure from the Maryland senate, Dr. Watkins served as a director of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, and he was elected as the Clerk of the Howard County Circuit Court, a post to which a son, Louis J. Watkins, was later appointed. For a period, Louis J. Watkins and his half brother, J. Harwood Watkins, owned the Ellicott City Times.</p><br>
<p>Laura Watkinss brother, Thomas Jr., married Dr. Watkinss sister, Amanda, on February 16, 1835. Thomas died of pneumonia at Richland on January 10, 1874.</p><br>
<p>Laura Louise Watkins died in 1850, and Dr. Watkins subsequently married Margaret Eleanor Harwood. They had two children: Joseph Harwood Watkins (1853-1887) and Sophia Watkins (1855-1870).</p><br>
<p>Dr. Watkins retired to Richland in 1873, where he died on May 31, 1880. An obituary at the time of his death that appears in the Watkins family Bible (newspaper unknown) describes Dr. Watkins: "But in his retirement at Richland the people of his county fully realized was still of them and among them. His house continued the abode of the most liberal and unostentatious hospitality, where gathered a large circle of relatives and friends. To all was extended the warm and hearty welcome that bespoke the man." Another obituary observed: "Dr. Watkins was possessed of rare social qualities, and had the pleasant manners of the old school. His hospitality was boundless, and his home was the favorite resort of the gentlemen of influence and standing throughout the county. Socially, he was sought and enjoyed not only by the old, but the young as well."</p><br>
<p>There was a long history of slavery at this site. The last slave owner at Richland, Dr. Watkins, was discussed extensively in the manuscript of Oliver Cromwell Gilbert, which is in the family papers of his great great granddaughter, Stephanie Gilbert. Oliver, a house slave at Walnut Grove, was the son of Cynthia Snowden, the enslaved cook at Walnut Grove, and Joseph Kelly, a free black man from Owingsville, Maryland. His grandmother, Rachel, who was the mother of Cynthia Snowden, "had charge of Richland," where many of Gassaway Watkinss slaves lived. (Indeed, Gassaway Watkinss will refers to Richland as the "Quarters Place".) Olivers manuscript indicates that Rachel died at Richland. When Gassaway Watkins died, Oliver was first placed with Margaret Watkins Warfield, one of Gassaways daughters, and then with Dr. Watkins, where he was a house slave. Dr. Watkinss daughter, Eleanor Elizabeth, asked him to accompany her to a nearby Methodist camp meeting in August 1848. He sought and obtained permission to stay at the meeting despite the hesitations of Dr. Watkins. During a break for the white attendees at about 6 pm, the blacks in attendance were told that they could take the seats formerly occupied by their white enslavers. When the white attendees returned for the evening service, Oliver, then about 16 years old, escaped with fourteen other enslaved men. Dr. Watkins and William Clark, his brother-in-law and then owner of Hayland Farm next to Richland, ran an advertisement for the return of Oliver and two others in the Baltimore Sun on August 22, 1848. After Olivers escape, he changed his name to Oliver Cromwell Gilbert. His manuscript, in turn, was the basis for a lengthy piece in the summer 2011 edition of the Maryland Historical Magazine by Jody R. Fernald, "In Slavery and Freedom: Oliver C. Gilbert and Edwin Warfield, Sr." Separately, his life and escape are retold in "Oliver Cromwell Gilbert: A Life," published in 2014 by Jody Fernald and Stephanie Gilbert, Olivers great great granddaughter, as part of the University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository, Paper 75.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Jones Watkins and his wife, Elizabeth Spurrier Watkins; Dr. William W. Watkins and his wives, Laura Louise and Margaret Harwood Watkins; and Thomas Watkins, Jr. are buried in Greenmount Cemetery in Baltimore, Maryland (Area P, Lot 36).</p><br>
<p>Joshua Worthington Dorsey, whose wife was Eleanor Watkins Dorsey, a daughter of Dr. Watkins who grew up at Richland, next owned Richland Farm. He was the son of Rinaldo Warfield Dorsey (1812-1850) and Achsah Ann Worthington (1814-1839). A confederate soldier in the Civil War, he owned numerous tracts of Howard County farmland and also owned a large farm supply and hardware business in Ellicott City, Maryland. A directory from the Ellicott City Times describes Mr. Dorsey as a "Dealer in Coal and Fertilizers of all kinds; Horses and Vehicles of all kinds to hire, and Horses taken at Livery." He was one of the organizers and a director of the Patapsco National Bank and was a member of St. Peters Protestant Episcopal Church in Ellicott City. He added many improvements at Richland, including the bank barn; corn crib; a barrack barn; an addition to the Overseers House for the tenant farmer; and a cistern in the attic of the original log section of the main house that collected rain water for use in the house.</p><br>
<p>Joshua and Eleanor Watkins Dorsey had numerous children: Margaret Warfield Dorsey (1864-1921); William Watkins Dorsey (1865–66); Joshua Worthington Dorsey, Junior (1866-1923); Laura Watkins Dorsey (1868–72); William Rinaldo Dorsey (1869-1935); Sophia Harwood Dorsey (1871–73); Samuel Henry Dorsey (1872–73); John Malcolm Dorsey (1873-1919); Eleanor "Nell" Bowie Dorsey (1875-1954); Benjamin Henry Dorsey (1877-1962); and Achsah Maria Dorsey (1879-1961). After Eleanor Watkins Dorsey died in 1893, Joshua Worthington Dorsey married Katherine "Kate" Cooke Worthington (1855-1934) in 1898.</p><br>
<p>When Joshua Worthington Dorsey died in 1918, one of his daughters, Achsah Maria Dorsey Serpell, and a son, Joshua Worthington Dorsey, Jr., bought out the interests of their siblings in Richland. They hired prominent Baltimore architect Bayard Turnbull (1879-1954) to renovate and expand the main house over the period from 1919 to 1920.</p><br>
<p>Thereafter, Richland served as the venue for many summer family gatherings and parties for the Washington, D.C., "navy crowd" hosted by Achsah Dorsey Serpells brother, Rear Adm. Benjamin Henry Dorsey and his wife, Theda Fulton Dorsey (1887-1983). A July 16, 1939 article from the Washington Times Herald describes Richland as the scene of a party for several hundred guests consisting of "ranking high officers of the Navy and many from the younger circles in Washington society... ". According to the article, "several hundred guests were received on the rich green lawn, where tables were laid for tea, and indoors a section of the Navy Band Orchestra played for dancing." An article in the Washington Post lauded Admiral and Mrs. Dorseys daughter, Achsah Bowie Dorsey (1921-2001): "During the entire party the debutante was the chief center of attention.... had chosen a bouffant frock of white net that contrasted nicely with her dark hair and set off her creamy complexion."</p><br>
<p>In June 1953, Achsah Dorsey Serpell deeded Richland to Achsah Bowie Dorsey Smith, her niece, namesake and daughter of Admiral and Mrs. Dorsey. A 1939 cum laude graduate of the Holton-Arms School, she was a society reporter for the Washington Post and Washington Times Herald, in which she ran a daily column about the social scene in the nation&#39;s capital, "Ask Achsah."</p><br>
<p>Richland Farm passed to Achsah Dorsey Smith&#39;s goddaughter and niece, a granddaughter of Admiral and Mrs. Dorsey, in 2005. She sold it in 2023.</p><br>
<p>Richland Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Roberts Inn, is a historic home and farm located at Cooksville, Howard County, Maryland. The complex consists of a -story stuccoed stone house with a reconstructed log wing built about 1808, and several 19th- to early-20th-century agricultural outbuildings, including a frame bank barn, a frame ground barn, a tile dairy, and a frame silo. The construction of the house coincided with the extension of the National Pike through the Cooksville area. Documentary and architectural evidence supports its use as a turnpike tavern from an early date. Tradition holds that Marquis de Lafayette breakfasted at Roberts Inn during his 1824 tour of America.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>It is located off of Route 144 off the intersection of Route 144 and Route 97.</p><br>
<p>Troy, also known as Troy Hill Farm, is a historic slave plantation home located at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is associated with the prominent Dorsey family of Howard County, who also built Dorsey Hall.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lands of "Troy" were surveyed by Hon. John Dorsey in 1694, where he moved in 1696 with 2 slaves. The property stayed in the family though his great-grandson Col. Thomas Dorsey (-1790) of the American Revolution whose estate sold it in 1808. Troy was inherited by Basil Dorsey in 1714, followed by Caleb Dorsey who reduced the land to 1,016 acre which was split into two unequal parts in 1760 and given to Sarah Dorsey and Thomas Dorsey. Thomas Dorsey would use the root cellar as a meeting place with Benjamin Warfield of Cherry Grove during the revolutionary war. Thomas&#39;s widow Elizabeth split Troy several times to pay debts. Vincent Bailey acquired 652 acre including Troy for $6,520. A stone house named "Troy Hill" was built about 1808 on the foundation of an much earlier one story Dorsey house by Vincent Baily and is representative of the late Georgian style in Maryland architecture. The -story fieldstone house is three bays wide and two deep. Outbuildings included a stone barn, smokehouse and dairy. Situated on a hill, the fieldstone basement is unusually large with four rooms.</p><br>
<p>An 1830 fire destroyed the original wood paneling. In 1880, the house was modified with cottage styling. In 1942, the house was modified again into a "Colonial Revival" style. Further modification occurred by owner Pedro De Valle. Donald Doll was the last resident before the state purchased the property on 16 December 1958 to destroy it to make way for the I-95 project. The house was left in a state of purposeful neglect until Howard County purchased the stripped house and 52 surrounding acres in September 1971 for $67,500. In 1978, Howard County proposed to build an interpretative gardening center at the house. In 1989, the state offered a $350,000 matching grant for renovation, but a spring 1991 fire gutted the building before it was spent.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>Most of the surrounding Troy Hill farm has been converted into office parks or highway with the exception of one large area of wooded parkland surrounding the unrestored Troy House. In 2012, County Executive Ken Ulman proposed converting the remainder of the Troy Hill estate and wooded parkland into a Tennis Center. After costs escalated, the plans were changed to clear-cut most of the wooded parkland around the historic structure to implement revenue-generating ball fields and soccer fields for the parks system, allowing the Troy house to stand in the parking lot as a possible meeting house or restaurant.</p><br>
<p>Troy was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In 2015, the group Preservation Howard County placed the house on its top 10 most endangered list.</p><br>
<p>Waverly Mansion is a historic home located at Marriottsville in Howard County, Maryland, USA. It was built circa 1756, and is a -story Federal style stone house, covered with stucco, with a hyphen and addition that date to circa 1811. Also on the property are a small -story stone overseer&#39;s cottage and a 2-story frame-and-stone barn, and the ruins of a log slave quarter.</p><br>
<p>Waverly was a property developed on land first patented by Charles Carroll of Carrollton and later part of the 1703 survey "Ranter&#39;s Ridge" owned by Captain Thomas Browne. The land was resurveyed in 1726 as "The Mistake." It was purchased by John Dorsey and deeded to his son and daughter-in-law, Nathan and Sophia Dorsey as the next owners.</p><br>
<p>The property is associated with the Dorsey and Howard families. From the time it was established through the end of the Civil War, Waverly functioned as a plantation where unpaid slave labor was used for farm operations and creation of the wealth and lifestyle afforded to the Dorsey and Howard families. Through deeds, census records and an inventory taken upon the death of George Howard in 1846, information about the enslaved population at Waverly was uncovered. A 1965 article in the Ellicott City Times claimed that 999 slaves worked on the plantation at one time, but research has shown that between 7 and 25 enslaved men, women and children is more accurate. The Ellicott City Times article does not have any primary sources to back up this claim, nor is there an author&#39;s name credited to the article.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Dorsey Era</p><br>
<p>Daniel Carroll sold a parcel of land called "The Mistake" to John Dorsey of Edward in 1750, and Dorsey was apparently acquiring land on which to establish his four sons. On March 30, 1756 his youngest son, Nathan Dorsey, was deeded 700 acres and seven slaves from his father: Peter, Robin, Joo, Ben, Hagar, Pol and Jenny. This deed also included "all the stock of cattle, hoggs, and sheep on the plantation where he now lives." Nathan married Sophia Owings of Baltimore County in 1748, and he likely began developing a plantation at Waverly to support his growing family, as Nathan and Sophia had. Research supports the idea that Nathan built the main block of the mansion circa 1756, which seems reasonable given that this section dates to the eighteenth century. In 1758, Nathan acquired more parcels of land, and by 1764 the acreage had grown from 700 to 875. In 1769, Nathan granted some of the land to his brothers Vachel and Edward.</p><br>
<p>The Howard Era</p><br>
<p>Nathan died in 1773 but the property remained in the Dorsey family until 1786, when his brother Edward Dorsey sold the farm to Colonel John Eager Howard of Baltimore. By 1798 the farm was being rented, or operated, by James Frost. Howard also periodically purchased adjacent parcels of land as they became available, beginning in 1793, and by 1817 had almost doubled the size of this farm. Then, in 1811 he gave the farm of 1,313 acres to his second son, George Howard as a wedding present. George had married Prudence Gough Ridgely of "Hampton," in Baltimore County, on 26 December 1811. George and Prudence named the property Waverly after the popular novel by Sir Walter Scott, Waverley. It is not known why the Howards dropped the second e in the naming of their estate. The Howards likely took up residence on the farm shortly after their marriage, although John Eager Howard did not officially deed the property to his son until November 1822, where he hosted events such as partridge hunts. The addition of a hyphen and kitchen wing attached to the south side of the main portion of the house could have been added as early as 1811, if George took up residence then, or sometime shortly after 1822, once he held title to the farm. The Howards raised thirteen children at Waverly including eight sons and five daughters. Of the thirteen, eight survived to adulthood.</p><br>
<p>At Waverly, George led the life of a country gentleman and farmer. Howard was a slaveholder but paradoxically also agreed with the movement of colonizing free Blacks in Africa, stating to the legislature "The prosecution of this system may probably at some distant day, tend to the restoration of the whole of our colored population, to the land of their forefathers." But yet in 1842, Howard created and served as chair to the Maryland Slave-Holders Convention with Charles Carrol, Allen Thomas, CD Warfield, Upton Welsh, Benjamin Howard, Wesley Linthicum, and William H. Worthington as representatives from the Howard District of Anne Arundel County.</p><br>
<p>Howard was elected a member of the Governors Council in January 1831 and worked closely with his predecessor Daniel Martin. When Gov. Martin died in July 1831, Howard, as President of the Council, succeeded him, taking the oath of office on 22 July of that year. When Martins unexpired term ended in January 1832, the Maryland General Assembly elected Howard for a full-year term, receiving 64 of the 82 ballots cast. He advocated the establishment of a State Bank, opposed the doctrine of nullification, was a foe of lotteries, and urged the endowment of Maryland colleges. Howard retired to Waverly following the end of his term. He served as a presidential elector in 1836 and 1840, when he supported the Whig candidate. He died at his home on August 2, 1846, and was probably buried first in the family burial ground at Waverly. His remains were later removed to the Western Cemetery. His body was again removed, but its present resting place is unknown. He is believed to be buried in the Howard family vault at Old Saint Pauls Cemetery in Baltimore, Maryland, where his father John Eager Howard is also buried. There is a tombstone onsite for George Howards son John Eager Howard, named after his grandfather, dated 1838. The stone was placed against the house, leaving the grave site unmarked and unidentified on the property. It is thought that this stone is the central portion of an obelisk, with the point and pedestal portions having been lost at an earlier time, perhaps when remains were removed from Waverly.</p><br>
<p>When George died, an inventory of the entire estate was taken, which included 25 enslaved men, women and children: Elias, Jim, Peter, Henry, Jolen, Jake, Bell, Dan, William (Mimah&#39;s son), Joshua, Henry, Joe, Mary, Prudence, Lizzie, Frances, Sidney, Sally & child, Mimah & child, Fanny & child, Betsey, and Old Nancy. More research is needed to determine whether any of the enslaved lived in the mansion, or if there were enough slave cabins on the property to accommodate 25 persons. Currently, there is the ruins of one slave cabin on what is now the Waverly Woods Golf Course property. More research is needed to determine whether the enslaved people at Waverly were buried on the grounds, possibly via a ground penetrating radar survey of the property.</p><br>
<p>After Prudence&#39;s death in 1847, she left Waverly in trust to her son, George Jr. A few years later he divided the farm into four parts, for himself and three of his brothers: Dr. Cornelius Howard, Captain Charles Ridgely Howard, and William Waverly Howard. Based on a map in the deed between George Jr. and William, George lived on the parcel that included the mansion. The 1850 slave census shows Charles Howard owning 23 enslaved men, women and children. There are no names on the census, only age and sex. There were four men ages 54, 46, 45 and 19; two females ages 60 and 21; nine girls ages 12, 10, 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 2, and 1; and eight boys ages 14, 13, 12, 10, 5, 3, 3, and 1.</p><br>
<p>In 1854, 297.5 acres of the Waverly estate patented as "Delaware Bottom" were sold by William Howard. He described the land containing for a lime quarry, and lime kiln as heavily timbered without improvements and suitable for wheat and corn. During this time, the nearby Roland Maxwell house was used as a slave quarters for Waverly. Another stacked slate building ruins stands behind an office park next to a pond at 10275 Birmingham Way. Noted with little background in county records simply as the Alexander Hassan ruins after the last property purchaser, the building was part of the 600 acre property when Joseph Judick owned the farm, and kept in good condition until Hassan&#39;s ownership.</p><br>
<p>Judick and Brosenne Era</p><br>
<p>George Howard, Jr. sold the mansion and 300 acres to Joseph Judick, a Baltimore City stock dealer and Peoples Bank of Baltimore director, on 23 November 1858 for $15,462.28 (~$ in ) adding surrounding parcels totaling 600 acres. According to the 1860 census for District 3 of Howard County, MD, Judick owned eleven slaves, and four slave houses are also noted on the census. As in the 1850 census, only age and sex are listed for the enslaved. There was one 30 year old woman; three girls ages 16, 9 and 1; and seven boys ages 14, 12, 11, 7, 5, 3, and 2. It is interesting to note that for the race of each of the enslaved persons they are "M", which stood for Mulatto. At the time, that was the terminology used for persons of a mixed race. Judick was renting a portion of Waverly to Frederick Brosenne, but he continued living on the property until his death in 1881. At that time, Brosenne purchased Waverly from Judick&#39;s estate. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Twentieth Century to Present</p><br>
<p>The Brosenne family continued to own Waverly until 1964, when it was purchased by the Larry Realty Co. and left vacant. Hassan-Glickfield and Larry Reality teamed together to propose the site to become the next Howard County landfill. When Alpha Ridge was selected instead, the site was subdivided from 279 acres down to 25.2 acres, then to 9.8 acres and again to 3.4 acres which were donated in 1975 to the Society for the Preservation of Maryland Antiques (now known as Preservation Maryland). In 1976 The State of Maryland funded $150,000 followed by $150,000 in federal matching money in 1978 for a restoration. Restoration started in June 1979 with a new roof and modern kitchen installation. In 1981 The Maryland Historical trust donated $32,000 (~$ in ) to complete the restoration, using Columbia landscape architect Robert Shaw. Historic Waverly, Inc. was formed in 1985 to operate the facility for meetings and receptions. In 1988 Howard County conducted paid Golf Resources Associates to review land for golf course installations. The consultant recommended Larry Realty property with expansion to the east for a low cost facility. The Estate property was sold to Howard County in 1989 for $450,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, 682 acres of the original estate was developed as Waverly Woods. A 932 home development by Donald R Reuwer Jrs company Land Design and Development. Today, Waverly Woods is a dynamic and diverse community. Residents of Woodstocks Waverly Woods can walk to town for groceries, ice cream or their dry cleaning without breaking a sweat.</p><br>
<p>They can swim and play tennis or golf without leaving the neighborhood. Colonial homes—with soccer balls punctuating the front lawns—sleek condominiums and chic townhouses ring an 18-hole championship golf course. To top it off, this 680-acre neighborhood is cradled by Patapsco State Park, an herb farm and rolling meadow with white-picket fences.</p><br>
<p>Waverly Woods. Suburban Nirvana.</p><br>
<p>"We wanted a place where kids could grow up and repeat some of the things we could do as kids -- get on a bike, go to the grocery store to get milk for mom and not get killed by traffic," said developer Don Reuwer, owner of Land Design and Development in Ellicott City. "We wanted a sense of community."</p><br>
<p>Reuwer, with three Howard County landowners, created the concept for Waverly Woods in the early 1980s. The landowners, who had been Reuwer&#39;s clients, each held large tracts of family land, nearly half of which had been deeded since the 1700s.</p><br>
<p>Today, Waverly is owned and managed by the Howard County Department of Recreation and Parks for weddings, special events, paranormal investigations and interpretive history events, scout programs, school groups and living history summer camps.</p><br>
<p>The Palmer Park Boulevard Apartments District is a collection of three apartment buildings located in Highland Park, Michigan. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, the architect Richard H. Marr entered into a partnership with businessman R.B. Oberteuffer (under the name The Fairway Company) to design and build an upscale apartment building at the corner of what was then known as Palmer Park Boulevard and Twelfth Street (now McNichols and Rosa Parks). The development was in response to the growth of the area due to the nearness of both Palmer Park and the Detroit Golf Club. Marr and Oberteuffer built the Fairway in 1923. Soon after, the Young Construction Company hired Marr to design four more apartment buildings along Palmer Park Boulevard: The Southcourse, built in 1924, and the Douglas, Northcourse, and Georgian Apartments, all constructed in 1925. When finished, the five apartment buildings formed a symmetric grouping, with the end buildings essentially alike in design.</p><br>
<p>The first occupants of the apartments tended to be professionals, small business owners, and executives of larger firms. Because of the location, these buildings became some of the most exclusive addresses in Highland Park. However, the two easternmost buildings, the Fairway and the Douglas, suffered severe fire damage and were demolished in the 1990s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The three remaining apartment buildings sit adjacent to each other, and in addition to the architectural similarity, all share a uniform height, setback, and general plan.</p><br>
<h3>Georgian Apartments</h3><br>
<p>The Georgian Apartments, located at 1981 W. McNichols, was once the center building in the five-building array of apartments. It is a symmetrical, three-story E-plan Georgian Revival structure, and is both larger and differently shaped than the other four original apartment buildings. The building is faced with red brick with limestone trim, and the entire building is topped with a dentil cornice. A retaining wall in the front of the building connects the top and bottom arms of the E, and forms a raised entrance courtyard. Three entrances lead off this court: one in the center leg of the E and one on the inside of each arm.</p><br>
<p>The front facades of each arm consist of three bays, the central one slightly projecting and crowned with a pediment. Windows on the first floor are inset into arches; those on the upper floors have flat tops. The central arm facade holds the most prominent entrance, with rusticated stone on the first floor and a stone pavilion with a deeply recessed doorway.</p><br>
<p>When built, the Georgian offered well-equipped apartments with a large living room, fully equipped kitchen with butlers pantry, three bedrooms, two baths, and a maids bedroom with bath. There were five apartments per floor, each of approximately 2750 square feet.</p><br>
<h3>Southcourse Apartments</h3><br>
<p>The Southcourse Apartments, located at 2003 W. McNichols, is a C-shaped building built of tan and brown brick with limestone trim. A raised entrance court between the arms of the C leads to two entryways in the inside arms of the C. Each entrance is through a paneled door set within a limestone arch. The two facades of the ends of the C have central semicircular flat-roofed bays stretching the height of the building. On the first floor, windows flanking the bays on are set behind stone balconies. Paired arched windows are on the third floor.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the entryways lead to tiled vestibules, which lead to stairways. Each stair services two apartments per floor, for four on each floor. The apartments are large three bedroom two-bath units of about 2000 square feet.</p><br>
<h3>Northcourse Apartments</h3><br>
<p>The Northcourse Apartments, located at 2025 W. McNichols, is also a C-shaped building built of tan and brown brick with limestone trim, with a similar raised entry court with two entryways. The two facades of the ends of the C have central semicircular bays with tile roofs stretching the height of the building. On each floor, French doors flanking the bays on are set behind stone balconies.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the entryways lead to marble-lined vestibules, which lead to stairways. Each stair services three apartments per floor, for six on each floor. The apartments per floor are larger two-bedroom units of about 2000 square feet, and the remaining four are single-bedroom units of about 1200 square feet.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan State Fair Riding Coliseum, Dairy Cattle Building, and Agricultural Building are three buildings located on the grounds of the Michigan State Fair in Detroit, Michigan. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Michigan State Fair, first held in 1849, was the nation&#39;s first state fair. It was held in various locations throughout Michigan until 1904, when Joseph L. Hudson formed the State Fair Land Company, acquired 135 acres of land at this site, and deeded it to the Michigan Agricultural Society. The 1905 Michigan State Fair was held on this site. In 1921, the Michigan Agricultural Society turned the land and the operation of the fair over to the state of Michigan.</p><br>
<p>The Riding Coliseum, Dairy Cattle Building, and Agricultural Building were likely designed by the same architect, Lynn W. Fry of the State Building Department. The three buildings were constructed in two year intervals in 1922, 1924, and 1926.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan State Fair was held on this site until 2008. It was not held the following two years, and then moved to another location. On April 9, 2012, Governor Rick Snyder signed Senate Bill 515 and House Bill 4803, which would authorize the transfer of the fairgrounds land to the Land Bank Fast Track Authority, which would oversee the land for future development, including plans for a station for the proposed commuter rail service. As of 2016, plans are underway for redevelopment of the entire site, including these buildings.</p><br>
<p>In August 2020, 142 acre site was sold to Detroit-based Sterling Group and Dallas-based Hillwood Enterprises LP for a reported $9 million, $2 million more than the city paid for the site in April of that year. When the sale was announced, it was also announced that Amazon would occupy a 3.8 million square foot, $400 million distribution center on 78 acres of the site. The development team would also pay $7 million towards a new transit center on the site that would serve DDOT and SMART buses.</p><br>
<p>Originally, all historic buildings were intended to be torn down from the development, but after concerns from preservationist and transit advocates, a new plan was put forth to partially spare the buildings. In the new plan, the Dairy Cattle Building is set to be converted to a bus station and transit center, while the Coliseum portico would be saved as part of an outdoor public event space. Further, the Band Shell (nearby, but not part of this group of buildings) would be disassembled and moved to nearby Palmer Park.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Dairy Cattle Building, the Coliseum, and the Agricultural Building are located near each other together in the center of the State Fairgrounds. All three are similar in appearance, being Neo-Classical Revival, white stuccoed buildings sitting on high red brick foundations. They are fine examples of the Classically inspired exhibition architecture popularized by the World Fair exhibitions of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.</p><br>
<h3>Agricultural Building</h3><br>
<p>The Agriculture Building, built in 1926, is a long one-story structure with a tall curved roof, the gable end of which is concealed behind a stuccoed parapet on the front facade. It has two entrances, one each on the front and side, which are sheltered by projecting arcades with a denticulated cornice. The walls are separated into shallow panels. The interior houses only a single large utilitarian space.</p><br>
<h3>Riding Coliseum</h3><br>
<p>The Coliseum, constructed in 1922, is similar in general design to the Agricultural Building, with paneled stucco walls, projecting arcades, and a denticulated cornice. The building footprint is 420 feet by 225 feet, and it contains a 264 feet by 124 feet riding arena encircled with a seating area. The Coliseum is constructed with an unusual "rain-bo" steel truss roof, which is one of the largest trussed structures in the Detroit area.</p><br>
<h3>Dairy Cattle Building</h3><br>
<p>The Dairy Cattle Building, built in 1924, is constructed as a rear extension to the Coliseum, and is similar to the other two buildings. It is a monitor-roofed, basilican-plan building with a modern brick-and-steel entrance constructed in the 1950s on one side.</p><br>
<p>Like the Agricultural Building, the interior consists only of a single large space.</p><br>
<p>The Dairy Cattle Building was selected as the site of a new bus station at the State Fairgrounds site in 2021, succeeding a temporary bus terminal near the site. The State Fairgrounds site, located at the Detroit city limits, has been a major transportation hub since the era of streetcars, when a streetcar loop was located on the site. The final streetcars were replaced by buses in 1956, and the fairgrounds continued to serve as a bus transfer point. Construction on the Dairy Cattle Building for conversion to a bus station began in May 2023, and the terminal opened a year later in May 2024. The Jason Hargrove Transit Center, named after late DDOT driver and COVID-19 safety activist Jason Hargrove, features retail space, a drivers&#39; lounge, and a ticket window for bus passengers.</p><br>
<p>The Union Chapel, now known as St. Andrew&#39;s Episcopal Church, is a historic church located near Glenwood, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is a rectangular two-story building of stuccoed stone construction painted pastel yellow completed in 1833 for $1,459. To the rear of the chapel is the attractively landscaped non-sectarian Oak Grove Cemetery. Charles Dorsey Warfield, a member of the prominent Warfield family that settled this region, deeded the property to the residents of the area for non-denominational church and community use. The building was constructed for $5,040 In 1886, it became part of the Methodist church circuit.</p><br>
<p>Union Chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Christ Church Guilford, historically known as the "Old Brick Church," is an historic Episcopal church located about one mile from Guilford, now part of Columbia, in Howard County, Maryland. The small Georgian church was completed in 1809. It was constructed of handmade brick laid in English garden wall brick bond with unmarked joints.</p><br>
<p>The oldest artifact used by the church is a bible published in 1701 provided by Queen Anne. The original church was established in 1727 as Queen Caroline Parish Church. Trinity Church (Elkridge, Maryland), grew out of Christ Church. The structure replaced a ca1711 log frame building and is the second church building to be built on the 2 acre plot deeded to the parish in 1738 by Caleb Dorsey. It is the oldest church building still in use in Howard County.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The brick church has a steep gabled roof and is laid in English garden wall brick bond. The structure, two bays wide and three bays deep, faces east with twin entrance doors in the north and south bays. Each bay is rectangular, surmounted by a Federal-style transom and reached by two stone steps. The nave windows are rectangular, holding twelve-over-twelve lites and, decorated with splayed brick flat arched lintels. The interior contains a gallery which extends around three sides of the church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Christ Church was funded by a parishioner poll tax on tobacco at Elkridge Landing, paying church and sheriff expenses. During the early 1800s the Episcopal Church in Maryland grew very slowly. The American Revolutionary War created tremendous conflicts within the Episcopal Church in the colonies. The clergy, who had been ordained in England, had taken an oath of allegiance to the king. This conflicted with their Oath of Fidelity required by the local assembly. Some clergy returned to England and others simply stopped preaching. After the end of the Revolutionary War the Church of England, the Episcopal Church&#39;s parent church, was disestablished as the state religion. Having lost its official government support, the church was low on funds, and few new churches were built.</p><br>
<p>In 1789, Anglican congregations in nine states adopted The Protestant Episcopal Church as their name and was formally separated from the Church of England. The American Episcopal church was incorporated as “the first Anglican Province outside the British Isles.” Churches that were built during the period of time after the founding of the American church were usually of an economical design. In 1809, the Christ Church was one of the first Episcopal churches constructed in the state after the Revolution. Judge Henry Ridgely oversaw the construction of the brick structure. The only architecturally sophisticated feature is the three-part window over the entrances. In the interior, the paneled gallery is a simple and direct interpretation of much larger churches built during the 18th century in major Episcopal cities like Philadelphia and London.</p><br>
<h2>Pastors</h2><br>
<p>The Reverend James MacGill was chosen in 1728 as Christ Church&#39;s first full-time rector. MacGill was a native of Perth, Scotland who served in the church for 50 years., living in nearby Athol Manor. The Rev Thomas John Claggett was rector from 1781-1782; he became the first Bishop of Maryland in 1792, and was the first Episcopal bishop consecrated in America. In 1806 Rev Oliver Norris was appointed director. In 1830 Rev Billop was appointed rector.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Church is a historic Episcopal church located at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland. The post road site was also known as Waterloo, Pierceland, Jessop and Jessup throughout the years.</p><br>
<p>It was built starting on July 30, 1856, through 1857 as a chapel-of-ease in Queen Caroline Parish, the mother church of which was, and still is, Christ Church Guilford, near Columbia, Maryland. The church land was donated from William G. Ridgley and Dr. Lennox Birckhead, a Catonsville doctor who served in the Battle of Fort McHenry. The land was once part of Charles Carroll of Carrolltons land that comprised Spurriers Tavern. Theodore Tubman and Myers Pearce (of Pierceland) deeded the cemetery to the north of the church as "Chapel hill".</p><br>
<p>The first rector of Trinity Chapel, Alexander X. Berger served in 1857. Columbia&#39;s Berger road development is named after him. Berger resigned in 1861 at the outbreak of the civil war. In 1866, Trinity Chapel broke away from Christ Church Guilford, becoming Trinity Church.</p><br>
<p>The church structure is a rectangular frame church of three bays with shingled walls and on the east end, a semi-octagonal apse of stone. Major additions to the original structure took place ca. 1890.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Daniels Mill is a historic mill complex located at Daniels, Howard County, Maryland, in a sheltered, wooded valley of the upper Patapsco River. The complex consists of seven early industrial structures, several concrete block and brick structures of 20th century date, and Gary Memorial United Methodist Church, a granite church built in the High Victorian Gothic style with an off-center tower entrance on the west gable. South of the church is a small cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, an industrial village existed on the site, including stores, a railroad station, a school and several mill workers&#39; houses. The large majority of these supportive structures were demolished in the 1960s. The Elysville Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1829, by Thomas Ely, to manufacture cotton textiles. The mill was erected between August 1845 and spring 1846. It was acquired by the Oskiska Manufacturing Company which went bankrupt, then by the Alberton Manufacturing Company in 1853, and the mill village was called Alberton at least through the 1870s. The mill was then acquired in the 1860s by James S. Gary, who created still another firm which operated the mill until the 1940s, when the C.R. Daniels Company took control.</p><br>
<p>C.R. Daniels was a New York-based company founded in 1918 that manufactured sail cloth material. The company purchased the 500-acre Daniels mill and 118 houses in 1940 for $65,000, doubling its size by 1950, and eventually over 300,000 sq ft. The company produced a wide variety of canvas products and canvas covers with over 200 sewing machines to assemble patterns. Later specialties included fiberglass components and conveyor belts. In 1965, the mill phased out company housing, tearing down the historic buildings and churches. In 1972, flooding from Hurricane Agnes damaged or destroyed the majority of the buildings and mill site. In 1977 a fire destroyed the remainder of the mill.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Worthington Presbyterian Church is a historic church in Worthington, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1805, the congregation is composed of 1,900 members.</p><br>
<p>The congregation worships in a Colonial Revival church building that was built in 1927. Under the name of "Worthington United Presbyterian Church," it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>It was designed in Late Gothic Revival style by Columbus, Ohio architects Martin, Orr and Martin, who were in practice together from 1924 to 1927. They also designed the Late Gothic Revival First Baptist Church of Boulder, in Boulder, Colorado, which was built in 1925–26.</p><br>
<p>Jacob Zimmerman House was the home of Jacob and Lena Zimmerman, German American settlers who came west over the Oregon Trail in 1851 to what became Multnomah County in the USA state of Oregon. Built in 1874, the house was part of a 600 acre dairy farm. Members of the Zimmerman family lived on the farm from 1870 through 1992. The house and 1.58 acre were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. In 1994, the city of Gresham began land acquisition and planning for a 5.98 acre public park, Zimmerman Heritage Farm, with the house as its centerpiece.</p><br>
<p>The city, which owns the land, and the Fairview-Rockwood-Wilkes Historical Society (FRWHS), which owns the house, manage the Zimmerman Heritage Farm through a partnership.</p><br>
<p>The Zimmermans were among the five founding families of Fairview. They arrived in the Willamette Valley in 1851 and settled on Hayden Island in the Columbia River. After floods destroyed their first crops, they re-located to a 320 acre donation land claim about 10 mi east of Portland. In late 1869, Jacob Zimmerman bought another donation land claim and moved into a log cabin on this site until building the original house in 1874. The Zimmermans&#39; son, George, enlarged the farm to 660 acre on which he ran a successful dairy business that continued under several relatives and lessees into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Ponchartrain Apartments was an apartment building located at 1350 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was also known as the Renaissance Apartments. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, but subsequently demolished.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ponchartrain Apartment building was a four-story red brick structure sitting atop a limestone foundation. Window sills, coping, and a belt course between the first and second stories were also constructed of limestone. The entrance sat in an arched opening flanked by ornamental pilasters supporting the lintel. Swags and urns decorate the entablature, and urns also graced the stone relief panels beneath the end windows. The building contained 74 apartments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ponchartrain Apartments were built in 1920 at a cost of $195,000. The building went through a succession of owners, and was renamed the Monticello Apartment Hotel in 1926, the Shorecrest Apartments in 1949, and the Renaissance Apartments in 1981. The building has since been demolished.</p><br>
<p>Westwood is a historic plantation in Uniontown, Alabama, United States. The main house was built between 1836 and 1850 by James Lewis Price. It is in the Greek Revival style with some Italianate influence. The outbuildings include a smokehouse with architectural detailing identical to the main house, a carriage house, a dairy, and a cook&#39;s quarters. Westwood Plantation was added to the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district on November 21, 1974. Boundary increases were made to the district on March 15, 1984, and December 10, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>James Lewis Price migrated to Perry County in 1835 from his native Richmond, Virginia. He began building Westwood in 1836, naming it after his grandfather&#39;s Virginia home. His slaves cleared the land and were responsible for the construction of his estate, including the main house. By 1850 Price had finished work on Westwood, now its sprawling plan was complete with projecting corner pavilions and two-story end loggias with recessed cast-iron porches. Westwood currently continues to be owned by Price descendants.</p><br>
<p>The Marion Courthouse Square Historic District is a historic district in Marion, Alabama. It is centered on the Perry County Courthouse and includes examples of Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, and Tudor Revival architecture. The boundaries are roughly along Green, Washington, Jefferson, Jackson, Franklin, Clements, Centreville and Monroe Streets. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 16, 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln Motor Company Plant was an automotive plant at Livernois, 6200 West Warren Avenue Detroit, Michigan, later known as the Detroit Edison Warren Service Center. The complex was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1978, due to its historic association with World War I Liberty engines and the Lincoln Motor Company. However, the main structures were demolished in 2003 and NHL designation was withdrawn in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Henry Leland&#39;s Lincoln</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in 1902, Henry Leland steered Cadillac to become a popular, high quality luxury automobile brand.</p><br>
<p>In 1917, Leland established the Lincoln Motor Company to build Liberty engines for fighter planes using Ford Motor Company-supplied cylinders. Leland immediately purchased the former Warren Motor Car Company factory on Detroit&#39;s west side. The company immediately broke ground for a factory complex of over 600,000 ft&sup2, hiring architect George D. Mason to design the new buildings and the firm of Walbridge-Aldinger to build them. By the end of the war, the plant complex contained the Administration Building and Garage (Building A), the machine shop (Building B), the main Factories (Buildings C and D), a power house, a heat treatment plant, a motor testing building, and other minor structures.</p><br>
<p>In January 1919, after producing 6500 Liberty engines, manufacturing operations were suspended, and the war was soon over. Lincoln considered manufacturing automobile engines for other nameplates in the postwar years, but soon opted to convert to the production of luxury automobiles. However, production delays and the postwar recession of 1920 hurt sales, and the company eventually went into receivership.</p><br>
<h2>Henry Ford&#39;s Lincoln</h2><br>
<p>In 1922, Henry Ford purchased the company for $8,000,000, The Lincoln Zephyr and Lincoln Continental were made in the factory until 1952, when production facilities were moved to Wayne, Michigan The new Wixom plant opened in the fall of 1957.</p><br>
<h2>The Lincoln Plant after automobiles</h2><br>
<p>Ford kept some offices in the plant, and leased out portions to other companies after manufacturing operations were relocated to the new Wixom Assembly Plant. renaming it the Detroit Edison Warren Service Center. The company consolidated many of its services into the facility, but later used it primarily as a storage yard.</p><br>
<p>In recognition of its importance in automotive history, the Lincoln Motor Company Plant was designated a National Historic Landmark on June 2, 1978. However, nearly all of the plant buildings were demolished in December 2002 and January 2003, including the main Buildings A, B, C, and D. A small portion of the Factory G was retained, as well as other scattered support structures; however, because of the substantial loss of historic integrity the plant&#39;s National Historic Landmark designation was withdrawn on April 4, 2005.</p><br>
<p>Building H, located along Warren Ave adjacent to the former Building A, was demolished in 2020. DTE Energy currently uses the Warren Service Center site as the location of its main distribution warehouse, fabrication shops and equipment storage.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Kewanee is a former hotel in downtown Kewanee, Illinois, located at 125 North Chestnut Street.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Hotel Kewanee was built in 1916. It is a four-story brick building, and during its heyday it featured over 100 guest rooms, a restaurant, a full bar, a lounge, a ballroom, and many local businesses in its storefronts on the ground floor. Peoria architects Hewitt & Emerson designed the building, which cost $150,000. At the time of its opening in 1916, it was known as The Parkside Hotel. This moniker lasted until the 1950s, when it was renamed The Hotel Kewanee following a major renovation.</p><br>
<p>Longtime proprietor Charlie Summers, Sr. and his family owned and operated the hotel from 1962 to 1992. During this time, the hotel hosted a full-scale restaurant, bar, and lounge that were open to the public. It also hosted private functions in its ballroom until 1977, when the ballroom was replaced with additional hotel rooms. The Hotel Kewanee hosted many famous guests over the years, including: USA Senator Everett McKinley Dirksen (R-IL); Governor Richard Buell Ogilvie (D-IL); Maureen Reagan, daughter of President Ronald Reagan; Margaret Whiting, pop singer; Bob Crosby, bandleader and brother of actor Bing Crosby; Suzy Bogguss, country music singer; USA Senator John Tower (R-TX); and Marjabelle Young Stewart, author and etiquette expert.</p><br>
<p>WKEI, a Kewanee-based radio station, had its studios on the fourth floor of The Hotel Kewanee from 1961 to 1981.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, it was named to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Henry County Housing Authority acquired the building in the early 2000s. It has been renovated for use as senior citizen housing and was renamed Parkside Apartments.</p><br>
<p>The Lower East Fork Ranger Cabin No. 9, also known as the Lower East Fork Patrol Cabin, is a log shelter in the National Park Service Rustic style in Denali National Park. The cabin is part of a network of shelters used by patrolling park rangers throughout the park. It is a standard design by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs and was built in 1930. The cabin has a separate log dog kennel, also to a standard Park Service design.</p><br>
<p>The Thief River Falls Library is a library and historic site in Thief River Falls, Minnesota, USA that dates from 1900.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1900, a few civic leaders decided that a book collection was needed for everyone to use. Money was raised for a small collection of books which were then housed in the first library, a storefront on 2nd Street, which was provided rent-free.</p><br>
<p>In the spring of 1902, a small one-story annex was built for the library on the north side of the old City Fire Hall at the corner of First Street and Main Avenue. A Mr. L.G. Browning was hired as the first librarian that year, at the salary of $14 a month.</p><br>
<p>In 1906, the library became an official separate department of the City of Thief River Falls. When the city moved to its current location, the library also moved and was located in a large room in the basement. As the library grew, it was evident it needed more space. In 1914, the Carnegie Library was built in Thief River Falls and dedicated on May 12, 1915. The Carnegie Library provided the library with a children&#39;s section.</p><br>
<p>Hazel Halgrim, the librarian from 1912 to 1913, again assumed the librarianship in 1925 and remained in the position until 1953. During this time, she implemented county outreach library service. This became a model for the state. In 1929, Pennington County became the eleventh Minnesota County to receive library service. Halgrim became so well respected among librarians in the state, that they first elected her secretary, then president, of the Minnesota Library Association. Known as "Miss Library", Frances Shanahan became the TRF librarian in 1953 and served until her death in 1965. Named one of the three 1962 Outstanding Women of Thief River Falls by the Business and Professional Women&#39;s Club, Shanahan would not live to see her two dreams-a new library, and regionalization of library services—come to completion.</p><br>
<p>It became apparent that the Carnegie Library was crowded and the building was in need of repairs. It was in 1966, that the library moved to its present location across the street from the Carnegie Library, which still houses the library today.</p><br>
<p>In 1968, Pennington and Red Lake counties banded together to form the Northwest Regional Library system and established the Thief River Falls Public Library as its headquarters library. The regional system helped the TRF Public Library expand its resources through interlibrary loan services, savings from bulk purchases, savings from a centralized processing and administrative staff and much more.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, during the library&#39;s 90th anniversary celebration week, the TRF Public Library automated its circulation system. In late 1994, Internet access was added. During the 90th anniversary celebration, the library board noted a number of other changes that had occurred: the library had gone from a start-up collection of 200 books to over 55,000 books in that time frame. It had also increased the formats it offered from books only to books, newspapers, magazines, videos, audios, CDs and DVDs.</p><br>
<p>The library continues to grow and develop, always keeping an eye on the original purpose of the library—to provide informational, educational and recreational opportunities to all.</p><br>
<p>The 1914 Carnegie library building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Rosemount is a historic plantation house near Forkland, Alabama. The Greek Revival style house was built in stages between 1832 and the 1850s by the Glover family. The house has been called the "Grand Mansion of Alabama." The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 27, 1971. The Glover family enslaved over 300 people from 1830 until 1860.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Allen Glover, of Demopolis, gave the 3,000 acre property to his son, Williamson Allen Glover, in the early 1830s. The main block of the house, designed in 1832 by state architect, William Nichols, is centered on a prominent star-shaped hill. This main block, with three floors and a mezzanine, was built in 1835. Williamson Allen Glover continued to expand the rear and interior of the house, through successive additions and reconfigurations, up to 1855. He went on to raise a total of sixteen children in the mansion&#39;s twenty rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The exterior of the house features a Carolina-type monumental two-story Ionic portico, east and west side porches, and a continuous cornice with dentils above the second story and the cupola. The house plan forms a T-shape, to take advantage of the cross-ventilation that this plan affords. The major interior rooms include an entrance hall, twin parlors, great halls on both main floors that are 60 ft long, a dining room, eight bedrooms, and a rooftop cupola, the largest residential example in Alabama. The cupola houses a music room that measures 16 ft by 25 ft; double doors exit the south side of the music room onto a three sided porch with Doric columns. The cupola functioned as a look-out over the plantation and, along with the great halls, as a way to exhaust heated air out of the house during hot weather. Though no longer extant, the grounds once included formal gardens, a carriage house, a two-story servant&#39;s quarters, a schoolhouse, several barns, a corn crib, a shop, five slave cabins behind the main house, and a "slave village" about one mile away. Additionally there was a detached kitchen, now destroyed, that was later moved and attached to the house.</p><br>
<p>The house passed through different families over the years, going through some periods of disrepair and later, restorations. A massive restoration was begun around 2005 and the exterior was completely finished.</p><br>
<p>The Lower Toklat Ranger Cabin No. 18, also known as the Lower Toklat Patrol Cabin, is a log shelter in the National Park Service Rustic style in Denali National Park. The cabin is part of a network of shelters used by patrolling park rangers throughout the park. It is a standard design by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs and was built in 1931. The cabin has twelve separate log dog kennels, also to a standard Park Service design.</p><br>
<p>Work began in the summer of 1931, with construction carried out by contracted carpenters, described as "two old Swedes". A ranger-built food cache and dog houses followed in 1933 and 1936.The design originated at Yellowstone National Park, adapted in this case with a somewhat larger size.</p><br>
<p>Moose Creek Ranger Cabin No. 19, also known as Moose Creek Patrol Cabin and Moose Creek Shelter Cabin, is a log shelter in the National Park Service Rustic style in Denali National Park. The cabin is part of a network of shelters for patrolling park rangers throughout the park. It is a standard design by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs and was built in 1935. The cabin has five separate log dog kennels, also to a standard Park Service design, as well as an elevated food cache.</p><br>
<p>The cabin was the last patrol cabin built in Denali.</p><br>
<p>The Lawyers Hill Historic District is a national historic district located at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland. The district encompasses a broad array of architectural styles ranging from 1738 Georgian Colonial to 1941 Georgian Revival. The collection of Victorian domestic architecture built during the 1840s to 1880s is unparalleled in the county, with no two houses the same. Some of the later cottages were designed by Philadelphia architect Brognard Okie. There are variations of the American Gothic Revival form, Italianate, Queen Anne, and Shingle-style structures. There is also a range of Colonial Revival houses, from craftsman era rustic cottages to more formal Georgian, and mass-produced Dutch Colonial models from the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The area developed originally in the 19th century as a summer community and early commuter suburb for prominent Baltimoreans. With the opening of the Thomas Viaduct in 1836, the Patapsco Valley south of the river was easily accessible to Baltimoreans. Many of the first residents were respected lawyers and doctors active in many of the professional and cultural organizations still vital in the state today. During the 1840s, as railroad service improved, Lawyers Hill residents began commuting to Baltimore on a daily and weekly basis, establishing the community as the state&#39;s first railroad commuter suburb.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Savage Mill Historic District is a national historic district located at Savage, Howard County, Maryland. The district comprises the industrial complex of Savage Mill and the village of workers&#39; housing to the north of the complex.</p><br>
<p>The site of Savage Mill on the rapids of the Little Patuxent River had been used for mill operations since the early 18th century. The district was part of a land grant named Ridgeley&#39;s Forest, surveyed in 1685 by Colonel Henry Ridgley. In 1750, Alexander Warfield built a mill along the river which was eclipsed by a larger construction chartered in 1812 by the Williams Brothers. By 1825, the mill employed 200 people including women and children, and 120 power looms for the production of cotton duck. The complex included several additions: a grist mill, an iron foundry, and a machine shop. The company was sold to William H. Baldwin, Jr. in 1847, who owned a Baltimore dry goods firm. In the early 20th century, the company became Baldwin, Leslie and Company, and the mill was expanded. A decade later the Baldwin family erected a stone community hall for the town and constructed a large group of tenant houses. From 1923 to 1941 the Carroll Baldwin Memorial Community Hall served as a movie theatre. For a brief period, the Maryland State Police set up a barracks in 1927-1929 leased from the Savage Manufacturing Company before relocating to Waterloo. By 1941 the company employed 325 people, and during World War II, produced 400,000 pounds of cotton duck a month. In 1948 the mill closed, and in the 1950s it spent a brief period being used to manufacture Christmas ornaments before closing permanently and converted for commercial use.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Thornhill is a historic plantation near Forkland, Alabama. The Greek Revival main house was built in 1833 by James Innes Thornton. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 10, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>James Innes Thornton was born October 28, 1800, at the Thornton family plantation known as Fall Hill, in Fredericksburg, Virginia. He was educated at Washington and Lee University and then emigrated to Huntsville, Alabama. He began to practice law there in 1820. He was elected as Alabama&#39;s third secretary of state in 1824 and remained in that position until 1834. After this he retired from public life and became a planter in Greene County. Thornton married Mary Amelia Glover in 1825, daughter of Allen and Sarah Norwood Glover of Demopolis. They had two children. Her brother, Williamson Allen Glover, developed the neighboring plantation known as Rosemount. Mary died after only a few years. In 1831, Thornton remarried Anne Amelia Smith of Dumfries, Virginia. Anne died in 1864. He then remarried in 1870 for a third and final time to Mrs. Sarah Williams Gould Gowdy, daughter of William Proctor and Eliza Chotard Gould of the Hill of Howth in Boligee. Thornton died at Thornhill on September 13, 1877.</p><br>
<p>Regarding the Thornton connection to George Washington, Mildred Washington Gregory, George Washingtons paternal aunt and godmother, had three daughters who married three Thornton brothers. Mildred Gregorys daughter Frances (circ. 1720–1790)(first cousin of George Washington) married Col. Francis Thornton III (circ. 1711–1748) of Fall Hill. They were the great-grandparents of James Innes Thornton.</p><br>
<p>Thornhill was developed by Thornton as a cotton plantation in the late 1820s-early 1830s and extended over 2,600 acre. It later grew to over 5,000 acres and is currently 2,000 acres.</p><br>
<p>According to the diary of Josiah Gorgas, in talking with Thornton at Thornhill on Tuesday, June 6, 1865, less than two months after the end of the Civil War, Thornton "oppos(ed)... the doctrine of secession and necessary deduction that we fought so valiantly (in the War) and bled so freely in a cause radically wrong."</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>William Nichols is believed to be the architect of the main house at Thornhill, hired in 1832 by Thornton. Nichols was made the state architect of Alabama in 1827. He is known for designing the original campus of the University of Alabama and now-destroyed Alabama State Capitol building at Tuscaloosa and the former Mississippi State Capitol building in Jackson, Mississippi. He is also believed to be the original architect of Rosemount, neighbor to Thornhill. Thornton served as Alabama&#39;s secretary of state from 1824 to 1834 and would have been very aware of Nichols and his work. The main house at Thornhill was completed by 1833. The monumental two-story portico with six Ionic columns was added circa 1850. David Rinehart Anthony, of Eutaw, is believed to be the builder who made the portico addition and second story balcony (crisscrossed lattice railing). The house measures 55 ft wide. Inside is a 14 ft wide by 40 ft long central hall with a fine spiral staircase at the back. There are two rooms to either side. The left front room was the parlor, with the dining room behind it. On the front right was the master bedroom with the plantation office behind it. Upstairs is a matching hall and four bedrooms. All eight rooms are 19.5 ft square. The downstairs rooms have 12 ft ceilings. The upstairs ceilings are 11 ft.</p><br>
<p>Originally there was a brick kitchen behind the house, it later burned. Additions were made to the original structure from circa 1900 to 1949. They were razed in 1994 and rebuilt to better match the original intent of the house. The house and grounds were extensively recorded by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1934. The plantation schoolhouse was constructed circa 1845. The Thornton children, as well as neighboring plantation children, were taught there. Surrounding the schoolhouse are 250-year-old post oaks.</p><br>
<h2>Family Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>Buried in the family cemetery, located a few hundred feet east of the main house, are:</p><br>
<p>James Innes Thornton (October 28, 1800 - September 13, 1877)</p><br>
<p>Anne Amelia Smith Thornton (February 14, 1812 - August 2, 1864), his second wife. She had two sisters who married Virginians and came to live in Greene County. Mary Virginia Smith married Dr. Philip Lewis Lightfoot and lived at "Morven", named for the Lightfoot family home in Virginia. The younger sister, Sally Innes Smith, married Colonel George Willis and spent the spring and fall at their Greene County home, "Ben Lomond", on their semi-annual journeys between their home in Virginia, and their winter home in Florida. The homes of these three sisters, "Thornhill", "Morven", and "Ben Lomond" were quite near each other. Morven was on the same ridge as Thornhill (north one mile), and Ben Lomond was on the ridge across the road from Thornhill (northwest 1/2 mile).</p><br>
<p>James Innes Thornton Jr. (December 1, 1835 - December 12, 1837), his son.</p><br>
<p>Fitzgerald Thornton (October 6, 1837 - July 6, 1939), his son.</p><br>
<p>Catherine (Kate) Marshall Thornton (September 30, 1842 - October 27, 1870), his daughter. She was re-interred from Nevada in 1906. She married her first cousin Harry Innes Thornton, whose father, the senior Harry Innes Thornton was Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court. Buried with Kate are her two daughters who were also reinterred with her from Nevada. Her husband Harry is buried in California.</p><br>
<p>Harry Innes Thornton (May 18, 1848 - May 30, 1900), his son. Second occupant.</p><br>
<p>Sallie A. Blocker Thornton (1849 - 1924), his daughter-in-law.</p><br>
<p>Bettie Cooper Thornton (September 19, 1876 - July 16, 1878), his granddaughter.</p><br>
<p>Harry Innes Thornton (January 18, 1883 - 1938), his grandson. A veteran of the Spanish-American War.</p><br>
<p>George Francis Thornton (December 10, 1885 - July 14, 1889), his grandson.</p><br>
<p>Grandson James Innes Thornton (March 10, 1873 - July 23, 19510, third occupant, is buried in Eutaw&#39;s Mesopotamia Cemetery, next to his second wife, Helen Williamson Allison Thornton (February 15, 1890 – December 12, 1963). His first wife, Betty Woolf Thornton (April 23, 1887 – September 22, 1932), was re-interred from Thornhill (after her family learned that Innes was going to be buried in Eutaw with his second wife Helen) in the Dayton Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Thorntons first wife, Mary Amelia Glover Thornton, is buried in the Glover Mausoleum at Riverside Cemetery, Demopolis. His third wife, Sarah Williams Gould Gowdy Thornton (June 11, 1824 – August 23, 1885), is buried in the Bethsalem Cemetery, Boligee. She was the sister of Thorntons son in law John McKee Gould.</p><br>
<p>The Mount McKinley National Park Headquarters District in Alaska, United States, in what is now called Denali National Park was the original administrative center of the park. It contains an extensive collection of National Park Service Rustic structures, primarily designed by the National Park Service&#39;s Branch of Plans and Designs in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, the newly created park received funding to hire staff and establish an administrative area. When the Alaska Railroad reached the park in 1922, park headquarters were moved from the community of Nenana to a location near the new railroad station within the park boundaries. In the fall of 1925, park headquarters were moved to its current location. By 1927, nine structures, including those moved from the original site, occupied the headquarters district.</p><br>
<p>As the hub of park administrative and management, the headquarters area expanded according to detailed plans provided by the Branch of Plans and Design. As in many of the national parks during the Depression, the Civilian Conservation Corps had an important role in the development of conservation and recreation-oriented projects within the park as a whole and headquarters district in particular. Beginning in 1938, CCC accomplished many projects within the park, but most of their efforts focused on the headquarters area where they constructed sewer and water lines, roads, and buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>When first listed, the historical district contains a total of 14 contributing properties, built between 1926 and 1941. It was enlarged in 2018.</p><br>
<p>Office Building, also known as the Old Museum, 63.72216&deg; latitude, -148.96544&deg; longitude, built 1926.</p><br>
<p>Warehouse, actually hosting the Museum 63.72076&deg; latitude, -148.96627&deg; longitude, built 1928.</p><br>
<p>Barn, also known as the Old Sign Shop, 63.72029&deg; latitude, -148.96598&deg; longitude, built 1928–1929.</p><br>
<p>Dog Feed Cache and Sled Storage, comprising dog houses and kennels 63.7195&deg; latitude, -148.96856&deg; longitude, built 1929–1930.</p><br>
<p>Electric Light Plant (Power House), also known as the Engineer Office, 63.72134&deg; latitude, -148.96528&deg; longitude, built 1930–1931.</p><br>
<p>Garage, also known as the Ranger Cache, 63.7208&deg; latitude, -148.96686&deg; longitude, built 1931.</p><br>
<p>Comfort Station, also known as the "John House", 63.72128&deg; latitude, -148.9651&deg; longitude, built 1932.</p><br>
<p>Boiler House, also known as the Plumbing Shop, 63.7205&deg; latitude, -148.96502&deg; longitude, built 1932.</p><br>
<p>Rangers&#39; Dormitory, also known as the Administration Building, 63.72104&deg; latitude, -148.96627&deg; longitude, built 1934–1935.</p><br>
<p>Employee Residences, two buildings, 63.72154&deg; latitude, -148.96452&deg; longitude, both built 1938.</p><br>
<p>Superintendent&#39;s Garage 63.72217&deg; latitude, -148.96605&deg; longitude, built 1939.</p><br>
<p>Garage and Repair Shop, also known as the Carpenter Shop, 63.72053&deg; latitude, -148.96641&deg; longitude, built 1939.</p><br>
<p>Employees Residence, also known as the Superintendents Residence, 63.7211&deg; latitude, -148.96418&deg; longitude, built 1940–1941.</p><br>
<p>Upper Toklat Ranger Station No. 24, also known as the Upper Toklat River Cabin is a log shelter in the National Park Service Rustic style in Denali National Park. The cabin is now part of a network of shelters for patrolling park rangers throughout the park. It is a standard design by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs and was built in 1930. The cabin is one of five cabins originally built by the Alaska Road Commission to provide shelter to crews working on park roads. The Upper Toklat River cabin is centrally located and was a distribution point for supplies.</p><br>
<p>Igloo Creek Patrol Cabin No. 25 is a log shelter in the National Park Service Rustic style in Denali National Park. Originally built by the Alaska Road Commission, it was the site of a summer construction camp, and was used for supply storage. The cabin is now part of a network of shelters used by patrolling park rangers throughout the park. It is a standard design by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs and was built in 1928.</p><br>
<p>Upper East Fork Cabin No. 29, also known as Upper East Fork Patrol Cabin and East Fork Cabin, is a log shelter in the National Park Service Rustic style in Denali National Park. The cabin is part of a network of shelters for patrolling park rangers throughout the park. It is a standard design by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs and was built in 1929 by the Alaska Road Commission as a shelter for crews working on the trans-park road, one of four shelters built at ten-mile intervals along the road. The cabin was used by Adolph Murie as a base for his program of wolf observation in 1940 and 1941.</p><br>
<p>The Bremner Historic Mining District is a historic district in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in Alaska. It is named after John Bremner, who in 1884-1885 was the first non-native person to live in the area and who prospected for gold along the Bremner River. Located just to the north of the Bremner River, it was the scene of an important placer gold discovery in 1902, and played a key role in the history of the Copper River Basin. Only a few miners struck it rich, but the resulting demand for materials and supplies helped establish regional transportation networks, encouraged supporting industries, and hastened the exploration and settlement of the entire region. While small-scale placer mining continued for over forty years, lode development was largely confined to the period between 1934 and 1941, the district&#39;s most significant era.</p><br>
<p>The Bremner Historic Mining District embodies its period of twentieth-century mining, illustrating both its mining process and its evolutionary sequence. Unusually complete, it retains virtually all of its historic components, including an important placer site, a camp, four discrete lode mines, a mill, and an associated transportation network.</p><br>
<p>The Golconda Mining Company site, which contains a campsite, an elaborate ditch, and extensive piles of hand-stacked cobble, provides an example of an early placer mining system. The Goldconda complex includes two airstrips dating to the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The Yellow Band mining camp is one of the region&#39;s most complete, not only containing the typical housing and office facilities, but a sophisticated hydroelectric system. This camp is also significant for its association with Asa C. Baldwin, a distinguished regional explorer, surveyor, and mining engineer. While working for the USA Geodetic Survey, Baldwin completed the first American marine survey of Kodiak and the Aleutian Islands in 1909. From 1910 to 1913, he served as a field officer with the USA-Canadian International Boundary Survey. Over the years, Baldwin worked locally as a consulting engineer, where, among other activities, he advised the Kennecott Copper Company and the Copper River and Northwestern Railway. Baldwin began prospecting in the Bremner District in the early 1930s, and from 1936 to 1940, was president of the Yellow Band Mining Company. He acquired the Bremner Gold Mining Company holdings in 1939.</p><br>
<p>Lucky Girl, Grand Prize, Sheriff, and Yellow Band Mines are examples of remote underground mining operations. With each containing a variety of buildings and structures. While Lucky Girl mill is now ruinous due to repeated avalanche strikes, its operating machinery remains intact and in most cases in situ.</p><br>
<p>In addition to Baldwin, the Bremner district is associated with aviator Merle "Mudhole" Smith, who started flying supplies for the Cordova Air Service in the 1930s, and who became stuck on the upper Golconda strip. Smith operated Cordova Air Service until 1968, when it merged with Alaska Airlines.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns-In-The-Prairie, now known as St. Johns Episcopal Church, is a historic Episcopal church in Forkland, Alabama.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was organized in 1834 by Caleb Ives, a pioneer missionary, and was admitted to parish status in 1838. The first rector was the Rev. John Avery. The wooden Gothic Revival structure was built in 1859 on a Southern plantation to the designs of Richard Upjohn.</p><br>
<p>After the American Civil War of 1861–1865, the Methodist planter had lost most of his assets. He ran afoul of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South after he built a saloon from the ruins of his plantation house. As a result, he decided to convert the congregation to an Episcopal church and move the building across the Black Warrior River to its present location in 1878. Others suggest he had sold alcohol to the Union Army and moved to flee veterans of the Confederate States Army.</p><br>
<p>As of 2017, the church still has several congregants.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage significance</h2><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Elkridge Furnace Complex is a historic iron works located on about 16 acre at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>It comprises the six remaining buildings of an iron furnace that operated from the 18th century into the 1860s. Included are a large -story Federal/Greek Revival house constructed about 1835 as the residence of the furnace owner; a frame dwelling of about the same date which probably accommodated a manager or clerk; a -story company store and hotel or dormitory for furnace workers; two 19th-century outbuildings, possibly slave quarters; and a mid-19th-century brick duplex worker&#39;s dwelling. The 1835 Elkridge Furnace Inn is now operated as a restaurant and banquet facility.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The banks of the Patapsco River were mined for ironstone, with the displaced sand and earth dumped into the river, affecting its navigability. In 1753 a law was enacted to prevent the further filling in of the Patapsco River&#39;s shipping channel at Elkridge Landing and up to Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>Caleb Dorsey, an ironmaster aware of iron ore found in the Patapsco River valley, established Elkridge Furnace in 1751 and Dorseys Forge upriver after 1761. Both projects took advantage of Englands need for iron from the colonies which resulted in repealing all taxes on iron pigs in 1750 and iron bar in 1757 respectively. The Furnace bellows ran on water power; Water was diverted to a water wheel through a water race. The turning waterwheel drove a gear shift that powered the bellows which fanned the forges charcoal fire. Dorseys Forge made nails and horseshoes against English law forbidding finished production in the Colonies. During the American Revolutionary War he made cannons and bayonets. In 1772, Samuel and Edward Dorsey inherited their father Caleb&#39;s estate. In 1787 Samuel died, there were 9 or more slaves that worked his operation at the time.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin, Jonathan, Elias, George, Charles, and Thomas Ellicott from Pennsylvania created the Avalon Iron Works in 1822, purchasing Dorseys Forge and the Elkridge Furnace land. Andrew Ellicott built new furnace in 1826 manufacturing nails and rolled and split iron. Pig iron was used to create nails using waterpower at the forge in the 1800s. More than 100 people worked at the complex by the 1850s. The same year the Ellicotts furnace operations were foreclosed on by the Maryland Bank after iron prices dropped drastically. The Union Bank of Maryland purchased 700 acres including the forge for $25,000 in April 1850.</p><br>
<p>The Furnace was acquired by the Great Falls Iron Company in 1854. The forge, factory, mill and deep water channels were destroyed in a flood in 1868. Enough was rebuilt to maintain production until 1873 when floodwaters mixed with molten iron, exploding the facility. Two structures that remained including the Furnace Inn are in a small extension of the Patapsco Valley State Park.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the Howard County Housing and Community Development and Ingerman Group attempted to place low income housing apartments next to the historic setting on the riverbanks adjacent to the site.</p><br>
<p>Cedar Hill is a historic home located on 75 acre at Barstow, Calvert County, Maryland, United States. It is one of the few remaining cruciform dwelling houses existing in Maryland, built in the 18th century that is typical of 17th-century architecture. It is a -story house with a 2-story porch tower, built of brick laid in Flemish bond. It is now operated as a private farm and home to a variety of livestock such as cattle, swine and chickens.</p><br>
<p>Cedar Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Cornehill is a historic home located at Parran, Calvert County, Maryland, United States. It is a five-bay-long two-story Georgian brick house laid in Flemish bond with a steeply pitched gable roof with an exterior chimney at each gable end. One brick on the southwest corner contains the date 1786 and the initials "T.F." The initials purportedly refer to Thelbert Freeland, a member of an influential family in northeastern Calvert County. Outbuildings include slave quarters to the south of the house, and a tobacco barn with oak framing. During the majority of the 18th century, the Mackall family, large Calvert County landowners, held Cornehill, or "Cornhill."</p><br>
<p>Cornehill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Grahame House, Graham House, Mansion House, Graeme House, or Patuxent Manor, is a historic home located at Lower Marlboro, Calvert County, Maryland. It is an 18th-century original -story brick shell laid in Flemish bond with a steeply pitched gable roof. Later alterations have included the purchase and removal of the fine paneling throughout the house to the Winterthur Museum, Garden, and Library.</p><br>
<p>Charles Grahame, for whom the home is named, was associated with Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore, through Grahames brother, David Grahame (who married Calverts cousin, Charlotte Hyde), and with Thomas Johnson, the first elected governor of the State of Maryland, through Grahames son (who married Johnsons daughter).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>La Veille, or La Veille Place, is a historic home located at Mutual, Calvert County, Maryland, United States. It is a -story gambrel-roofed brick house, of Flemish bond construction. A number of early-19th-century outbuildings include: a log corn crib, three barns and several small sheds. The Kershaw Family cemetery and the La Veille family cemetery are located within the property with the later of the two, enclosed within an elaborate late-19th-century wrought iron fence.</p><br>
<p>La Veille was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Linden is a historic home located at Prince Frederick, Calvert County, Maryland. It is a two-story frame house, conservatively Italianate in style built about 1868, with conservative Colonial Revival additions of about 1907. Behind the house are ten standing outbuildings, seven dating to the 19th century, three of which are of log construction. It is home to the Calvert County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph D. Lyons House is a historic home in Sunderland, Calvert County, Maryland, United States that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is privately owned and not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>It is a large, two-story frame structure with a hip roof and full-width front and rear porches. The house is five bays in width, front and back, and four in depth on both sides, with all of the openings evenly spaced and precisely aligned at both floor levels. It was completed in 1924, and built in Colonial Revival-style by a local contracting firm known as Lyons, Gibson & Company who were responsible for many of Calvert County&#39;s more important early-20th century public buildings and private residences. A number of agricultural buildings contemporary with the house survive, including a garage, several sheds, and a sprawling, multi-use bank barn.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph D. Lyons House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Grove Hill Courthouse Square Historic District is a historic district in Grove Hill, Alabama, United States. It is centered on the Clarke County Courthouse and the boundaries are roughly Cobb, Court, Jackson, and Main Streets. It features examples of Greek Revival and Queen Anne architecture. The district was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on March 24, 1995, and to the National Register of Historic Places on April 30, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Coal Creek Historic Mining District  is a gold-mining area in the Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve of Alaska dating from the 1930s. It features a gold dredge and a supporting community of several dozen buildings, established by mining entrepreneur Ernest Patty.</p><br>
<p>The listed area includes the last 8 miles of Coal Creek before the Yukon River, where, at the mouth, the roadhouse Slaven&#39;s Cabin is included. It includes two former locations and the current location of the gold dredging operation. It includes 26 contributing buildings and 12 contributing structures and three contributing sites. The architecture is strictly functional, besides the roadhouse.</p><br>
<p>The district contains buildings, structures, a dredge, water system, tailings piles, and other mine engineering sites and objects that together represent Alaskan dredge mining operations of the 1930s. The majority of buildings and structures were built between 1934 and 1940. The mining camp has been moved twice from its original site. The design, materials, and construction of the buildings all reflect the utilitarian and remote nature of the camp. Except for Slaven&#39;s Roadhouse, workmanship is strictly functional: competent but uninspired. Nothing detracts from the feeling of a remote placer mining operation of the 20th century. The district contains 26 contributing buildings, 3 sites, and 12 structures. The noncontributing items include 5 buildings and 2 structures.</p><br>
<p>In 1941, the camp was apparently moved from its original location near the mouth of Cheese Creek to a hillside location near Snare Creek, and in 1952 to the present location at Beaton Pup. The original camp site was dredged over in 1941. The creek has since changed channels and today flows through a portion of the first site.</p><br>
<p>The dredge is the most significant relic in the district. It is a medium-sized diesel-powered floating dredge. It was built by the Walter W. Johnson Company of Oakland, California and shipped in pieces to Skagway, then by rail to Whitehorse, Yukon Territory and by barge down the Yukon River.</p><br>
<p>The encampment moved three times. It was first established near the mouth of Cheese Creek in 1934, then moved to a location near Snare Creek in 1941. The final move brought it to its present location at Beaton Pup. The first site has not survived, having been dredged over. The second site has been altered by changes in the course of the creek. The Frank Slaven Roadhouse, separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is nearby and is included in the district. The third camp survives nearly intact, with its equipment and historic context preserved.</p><br>
<p>The placer operation was managed by mining engineer Ernest Patty, who arrived in Alaska in 1922 and had become an instructor at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks. Patty was to return to what had become the University of Alaska in 1953 as president of the university, retiring in 1960.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing Properties</h2><br>
<p>The main contributing properties to the historic districts are:</p><br>
<p>The Slaven&#39;s Cabin, 65.35045&deg; latitude, -143.12267&deg; longitude, AHRS# CHR-030, built 1928-1930.</p><br>
<p>The historic road along Coal Creek, 65.30876&deg; latitude, -143.14876&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<p>Tailings piles, 65.32394&deg; latitude, -143.11714&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<p>The dredge, 65.3347&deg; latitude, -143.11423&deg; longitude built 1935.</p><br>
<p>The Coal Creek Mining Camp, comprising 21 contributing buildings, 65.30522&deg; latitude, -143.15401&deg; longitude, built 1936-1941.</p><br>
<p>The cabin ruins along Snare Creek, 65.30127&deg; latitude, -143.184&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<p>The ditch, 65.28266&deg; latitude, -143.23508&deg; longitude and its intercept with Coal Creek 65.27284&deg; latitude, -143.28508&deg; longitude built in 1935.</p><br>
<p>The Cheese Creek Camp, 65.28397&deg; latitude, -143.21113&deg; longitude, AHRS# CHR-094, built 1936-1941.</p><br>
<p>Maidstone is an old southern Maryland plantation located in Owings, Calvert County, Maryland. The oldest extant part of the house was built in 1751 by a yeoman planter, Lewis Lewin on or near the site of an earlier wood structure., though a brick in one of the chimneys is dated 1678.</p><br>
<h2>The house</h2><br>
<p>Maidstone was built as a Medieval style house with a roof progressing upwards, which extends out over the north and south facades of the house to form a porch in what many consider is traditional Maryland Colonial style. There are two outbuildings with old beams and rough-hewn horizontal siding. The grounds are well maintained, and there are stands of very old boxwood.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership</h2><br>
<p>Maidstone Plantation was originally in Anne Arundel County in the Province of Maryland prior to boundary shift. It was owned by three generations of the Chew family over a span of more than 60 years, including Benjamin Chew (1671–1700), his son Samuel Chew (1693–1743) and grandson Benjamin Chew (1722–1810). In 1745, Maidstone was sold to an Anne Arundel County, Maryland farmer, Lewis Lewin. In 1755, Thomas Whittington and his wife Wilhelmina Powell purchased Maidstone with the proceeds from the sale of a portion of her inheritance, a plantation called Gory Banks. The couple built their "Dwelling house" and lived there until the death of each and Maidstone became the family dwelling home for three succeeding generations. By indenture dated April 9, 1783, Thomas Whittington purchased an additional 100 acres from Lewis Lewin&#39;s son, Samuel Lewin. The purchase included "Several Parts of Tracts or Parcells of Land following being part of Three Tracts of Land called and Known by the names of Halls Hills, Mackalls Hills and Maidstone."</p><br>
<p>Thomas Whittington&#39;s will, which was probated February 9, 1786, gave one half of his land containing Maidstone "where my Dwelling house stands" to his oldest son John. His second son, Thomas, received the other half of the land containing Gory Banks, while the third son, Benjamin, received 177 Pounds in lieu of land.</p><br>
<p>In John Whittingtons will, dated August 31, 1817, he stated that he had purchased the remainder of Maidstone from William Weems, Trustee for the real estate of Captain William Weems. Maidstone now contained three hundred and forty acres and was "the plantation upon which I now reside." Following John Whittingtons death, Maidstone became the property of his second wife, Elizabeth Scrivener Whittington. After her death, it became the property of John Whittington&#39;s daughter, Mary, who married Henry Childs on June 26, 1820. Therefore, Maidstone Plantation passed into the Childs family and was no longer the Whittington plantation.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>Maidstone was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
